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Resumen:
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The growing field of topological orders has been extensively studied both form the communities of condensed matter and quantum simulation. However, very little is known about the fate of topological order in the presence of disturbing effects such as external noise or dissipation. In the first part of this thesis, we start by studying how the edge states of a topological insulator become unstable when interacting with thermal baths. Motivated by these results, we generalise the notion of Chern insulators from the well-known Hamiltonian case to Liouvillian dynamics. We achieve this goal by defining a new topological witness that is still related to the quantum Hall conductivity at finite temperature. The mixed character of edge states is also well captured by our formalism, and explicit models for topological insulators and dissipative channels are considered. Additionally, we find new topological phases that remain quantised at finite temperature. The construction is based on the Uhlmann phase, a geometric quantum phase defined for general density matrices. Using this new tool, we are able to characterise topological insulators and superconductors at finite temperature both in one and two spatial dimensions. From the experimental side, we propose a state-independent protocol to measure the topological Uhlmann phase in the context of quantum simulation. Symmetry-protected topological orders have traditionally emerged from shortrange interactions. It remains very much unknown what the role played by longrange interactions is, within the physics of these topological systems. In the second part of this thesis, we analyse how topological superconducting phases are affected by the inclusion of long-range couplings. Remarkably, we unveil new topological quasi-particles due to long-range interactions, that were absent in short-range models. We also study how topological invariants are modified by the presence of long-range effects. In the appendix section of the thesis, we explore new numerical methods for driven-dissipative phase transitions. We consider quantum systems with a dissipative term driving the system into a non-equilibrium steady state. The inclusion of short-range fluctuations out-of-equilibrium deeply modifies the shape of the phase-diagram, something never observed in equilibrium thermodynamics.
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